Legacy of German Imperialism

The German Empire, established by Wilhelm II in 1871, stretched from Prussia and Schleswig-Holstein in the east to the newly acquired territories of German South-West Africa (modern-day Namibia) and German East Africa (modern-day Tanzania). Political reforms meant the full alignment of the partially autonomous states (like Bavaria) with the laws of the Prussian-dominated Reich, along with the adoption of the imperial arms and rhetoric of the new German identity.

The German Empire, in its brief lifespan of under 40 years, had a major impact on the rest of Europe, particularly in the regions it had occupied. While it was not an enduring legacy due to the dissolution of the Empire in 1918, many of its former colonies and client states still bear the marks of its influence in their economies, politics, and culture. So, what were some of the long-term implications of German imperialism?
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Economic and Political Structures

The German Empire implemented a system of oligarchical rule, well-suited to its then-dominant capitalism and naval arms-race. This system enabled it to exploit the resources and labor of its colonies and client states, fueling the Empire's economy and military. The resources and wealth acquired by this system allowed the German Empire to become one of the most powerful countries in the world during its brief second life.

These largely authoritarian policies also had an impact on the development of the colonies and client states of the former German Empire. The German 'colonial project' involved the wholesale reorganization of political and economic structures. As part of this process, the Germans established plantain farms, coffee plantations, and mines that are still dominant in African and Southeast Asian economies. German investment in resources and infrastructure modernized European and Asian cities, for example by introducing new sewer systems, public transportation, and urban planning.

Colonialism and Education

Another key aspect of German imperialism was its introduction of the 'three-tier' system of education. This system of education, in use in Germany’s colonies and client states, was based around three main levels: primary, intermediate, and university-level education. This system is still in use in many countries in Africa, Oceania, and Southeast Asia.

While this system improved educational access and outcomes in many former German colonies, it also served as a tool to propagate German ideology and culture. For example, German-style educational curricula, language instruction and other features of the colonial project were intended to instill loyalty and obedience to the colonial masters. Education was thus a major site of cultural reproduction and reinforcement, in some cases making German rule and interests more deeply embedded than under the democratic rule of some of the Empire's former colonies.

German Imperialism Today

The legacy of German Imperialism can still be seen in many of its former colonies and client states today. The economic and political structures it imposed continue to shape a range of different countries, enabling some to become powerful economic and strategic centers, while others remain mired in debt. Its educational system remains in place in many countries, while its language continues to be spoken or taught in many countries.

Ultimately, the legacy of German Imperialism is a complex one, with both positive and negative outcomes for its former colonies and client states. While the tangible and intangible effects of German imperialism are still felt today, its full impact can never be fully known.
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